Ukubaluleka kunye noHlelo lweeNgxoxo ze-oyile

Izingxobo ze-oyile ziyimibhobho yentsimbi ebalulekileyo esetyenziselwa ukuxhasa iindonga zeoli kunye negesi yegesi, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza komthombo ngexesha lokugaya nasemva kokugqitywa. Indima yabo ephambili kukugcina ingqibelelo yequla, ukuthintela ukuwa kodonga, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukujikeleza okufanelekileyo kwamanzi okugaya. Inani kunye neengqimba zee-casings ezisetyenziswe kwiqula ngalinye ziyahluka ngokusekelwe kubunzulu bokomba kunye neemeko zejoloji. Nje ukuba ifakwe, iicasings zifuna isamente ukukhusela indawo yazo kwaye, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwazo okwexesha elinye, azinakuphinda zisetyenziswe. Imibhobho yomthombo ingaphezulu kwe-70% yosetyenziso lulonke lwemibhobho yamaqula.

Ukuhlelwa kweeCasings

Ngokusekwe kusetyenziso lwazo, iicasing zeoyile zinokuhlelwa ngokwezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

1. Umbhobho weConductor: Ibekwe kwi-wellhead, isekela izixhobo zokugaya kwaye ikhusela ii-casings ezilandelayo kwimiphumo yomhlaba.
2. Isingxobo soMphezulu: Ikhusela indawo ephezulu yequla ukusuka kumaleko angaphezulu, ukuthintela ukungena kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba okanye ezinye iifom.
3. Ingxowa ephakathi: Ibonelela ngenkxaso eyongezelelweyo kwiqula kwaye ihlukanise ukungafani koxinzelelo phakathi kokwakheka okwahlukeneyo.
4. ICasing yeMveliso: Ibonelela ngenkxaso yokugqibela ye-wellbore kwaye ibandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ioli.

Iindidi ze-Oil Tubing

Imibhobho ethile ye-oyile isetyenziselwa ukomba kunye nokuthutha i-oyile negesi, kubandakanya:

1. Iityhubhu zeMveliso: Isetyenziselwa ukuthutha ioli kunye negesi ukusuka ezantsi kwequla ukuya phezulu.
2. Casing: Ixhasa iqula kwaye iqinisekisa ukugrumba okuqhelekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokugqitywa.
3. Umbhobho woQhaphaza: Idibanisa i-drill bit kwisixhobo sokugaya, ukuhambisa amandla okugaya.

Iimfuno kunye neMigangatho yeeNgxoxo ze-oyile

Ukunikezelwa kweemeko ezintsonkothileyo kunye neziguquguqukayo phantsi komhlaba, i-oyile yokugalela kufuneka ihlangabezane nezi mfuno zilandelayo:

• Iimfuneko Zokomelela: IiCasings kufuneka zibe namandla aphezulu okumelana noxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo lweendlela. Kusetyenziswa amabakala ensimbi ahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa i-J55, i-K55, i-N80, i-L80, i-C90, i-T95, i-P110, i-Q125, i-V150, njl.
• Ukunyangwa kokuMhlwa: Kwiindawo ezinomhlwa, ii-casings kufuneka zibe nokuxhathisa okwaneleyo kumhlwa.
• Cola Ukuxhathisa: Kwiimeko ezintsonkothileyo zejoloji, ii-casings kufuneka zibe nokuxhathisa okulungileyo ekuweni ukunqanda ukusilela kwequla.

Ukubaluleka kweTubing ye-oyile kuShishino lwe-oyile

Ishishini leoli lithembele kakhulu kwi-oyile ye-oyile, enefuthe elibalulekileyo kwiindleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukubaluleka kubonakaliswa kwiinkalo ezininzi:

1. Isixa esikhulu kunye neendleko eziphezulu: Ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yomthombo kuninzi, kwaye iindleko ziphezulu. Umzekelo, ukugrumba i-1 mitha yobunzulu kufuna malunga ne-62 kg yemibhobho yeoli, kubandakanywa i-48 kg ye-casings, i-10 kg ye-tubing yemveliso, i-3 kg yemibhobho yokubhobhoza, kunye ne-0.5 kg yeminye imibhobho. Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kunye neendleko kubonisa ukubanakho okubonakalayo kwezoqoqosho.
2. Impembelelo kuBuchule bokuGwaba: Iimpawu zoomatshini kunye nokusebenza kokusingqongileyo kwimibhobho yeoli kukuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukwamkelwa kobuchule obuphambili kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
3. Ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka: Ukusilela kwimibhobho yeoli kunokukhokelela kwilahleko enkulu yezoqoqosho, nto leyo eyenza ukhuseleko nokuthembeka kwayo kubaluleke kakhulu kushishino lweoyile.

Ngamafutshane, izingxobo ze-oyile zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugrunjweni kwe-oyile, kunye nomgangatho wazo kunye nokusebenza okuchaphazela ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho kuyo yonke inkqubo yokomba.