Ukunyangwa kokushisa kuyindlela esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-metal material processing, etshintsha i-microstructure kunye neempawu zezinto ngokulawula ukufudumala kunye nokupholisa iinkqubo zabo. Umzobo wesigaba se-iron carbon equilibrium sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokufunda imithetho yokuguqulwa kwe-microstructure yezinto zensimbi kumaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo. Nangona ukwazi kakuhle umzobo wesigaba sokulingana kwekhabhoni luncedo kakhulu kumsebenzi wonyango lobushushu, ukubamba lo mba kuphela akwanelanga.
Okokuqala, i-iron carbon equilibrium phase diagram yitshati echaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwekhabhoni nentsimbi. Ibonisa ukubunjwa kwesigaba esinokwenzeka kunye nokuguqulwa kwesigaba sezinto zensimbi kumaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo kunye nomxholo wekhabhoni. Sinokufunda malunga nokubunjwa kwesigaba esiqinileyo, uluhlu lweqondo lokushisa lokutshintsha kwesigaba, kunye nemodi yenguqu yesigaba sentsimbi kumaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo ukusuka kuyo. Oku kubalulekile kuyilo kunye nolawulo lweenkqubo zonyango lobushushu, njengoko amaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo kunye namazinga okupholisa anokukhokelela kwii-microstructures ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zemathiriyeli.
Nangona kunjalo, ukufunda umsebenzi wokunyanga ubushushu uhamba kude ngaphaya kokuqonda umzobo wesigaba sokulingana kwe-iron carbon. Oku kulandelayo yimiba emininzi ekufuneka iqatshelwe:
Ukuqonda imithetho yokutshintshwa kwesigaba sesinyithi: Ukongeza kwi-iron carbon equilibrium phase diagram, kuyafuneka ukuba uqonde imizobo yesigaba sezinye isinyithi. Izinyithi ezahlukeneyo zenza utshintsho lwesigaba esihlukeneyo kumaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo, kwaye unyango lobushushu, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda iimpawu zetsimbi nganye.
Uqhelene nenkqubo yonyango lobushushu: Ukufunda ngonyango lobushushu kufuna ukwazi iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa, ezifana ne-annealing, normalizing, quenching, njl.
Ukuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kwentlangano kunye nokusebenza: Ukuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kwesakhiwo sentlangano yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokusebenza kungundoqo wonyango lokushisa. Ngokulawula i-microstructure yezinto eziphathekayo, banokuba neempawu ezingcono zoomatshini, ukuxhathisa ukubola, kunye nezinye iimpawu.
Iindlela zokuvavanya kunye nohlalutyo: Ukufunda ngonyango lobushushu kukwafuna ukuqonda ezinye iindlela zovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo, njengokubonwa kwe-metallographic microscopy, uvavanyo lobulukhuni, uvavanyo lwe-tensile, njl. inkqubo.
Ngamafutshane, ukubamba umzobo wesigaba sokulingana kwe-iron carbon equilibrium kuphela yinxalenye yomsebenzi wonyango lobushushu. Ukongeza ekuqondeni imizobo yesigaba, kuyafuneka kwakhona ukuba uqonde imithetho yokuguqulwa kwesigaba setsimbi, iinkqubo zonyango lokushisa, ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-microstructure kunye neempawu, kunye neendlela zokuvavanya kunye nohlalutyo. Kuphela ngokuqonda ngokupheleleyo olu lwazi lunokuthi iziphumo ezilungileyo zifezekiswe kumsebenzi wokunyanga ubushushu kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kwezinto.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-29-2023
