Ngenxa yobukho boburhalarhume bomsindo ngexesha lokubunjwa kunye nokusetyenzwa kwe-forging, amaqondo obushushu akhoyo anqongophele. Ukuthintela i-brittleness ekunyuseni ngexesha lokufudumala, kuyimfuneko ukuphepha ezi zimbini zeqondo lokushisa, okwenza kube nzima ukulungelelanisa iimpawu zomatshini. Uhlobo lokuqala lokucaphuka komsindo. Uhlobo lokuqala lokucaphuka komsindo olwenzeka ngexesha lobushushu phakathi kwama-200 kunye nama-350 ℃ lukwaziwa ngokuba bubushushu obuphantsi bobushushu. Ukuba uhlobo lokuqala lokucaphuka komsindo lwenzeka kwaye lufudunyezwe kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu lobushushu, ubuqhophololo bunokupheliswa kwaye ukuqina kwempembelelo kunokwandiswa kwakhona. Kweli nqanaba, ukuba ubushushu buphakathi kwe-200-350 ℃, obu bubrittleness abuyi kuphinda bubekho. Ukusukela koku, kunokubonwa ukuba uhlobo lokuqala lokucaphuka akunakuguqulwa, yiloo nto ikwabizwa ngokuba kukungajiki komsindo. Uhlobo lwesibini lokucaphuka komsindo. Uphawu olubalulekileyo lokucaphuka komsindo kuhlobo lwesibini lweegiya ezibunjiweyo kukuba, ukongeza ekubangeleni ukonakala ngexesha lokupholisa kancinci ngexesha lobushushu obuphakathi kwe-450 kunye ne-650 ℃, ukudlula kancinci kwindawo yophuhliso e-brittle phakathi kwe-450 kunye ne-650 ℃ emva kobushushu bobushushu obuphezulu. kwakhona kubangela ukuba brittleness. Ukuba ukupholisa okukhawulezayo kudlula kwindawo yophuhliso olunqabileyo emva kobushushu obuphezulu, akuyi kubangela i-embrittlement. Udidi lwesibini lokucaphuka lubuye umva, kungoko lukwaziwa ngokuba yi-reversible temper brittleness. Uhlobo lwesibini lwesiganeko somsindo we-embrittlement luntsokothile, kwaye ukuzama ukucacisa zonke izinto ngethiyori enye ngokucacileyo kunzima kakhulu, njengoko kusenokubakho ngaphezu kwesinye isizathu se-embrittlement. Kodwa inye into eqinisekileyo, inkqubo ye-embrittlement yohlobo lwesibini lwe-tender brittleness ngokuqinisekileyo yinkqubo eguqulwayo eyenzeka kumda wengqolowa kwaye ilawulwa yi-diffusion, enokunciphisa umda wengqolowa kwaye ayihambelani ngokuthe ngqo kwi-martensite kunye ne-austenite eseleyo. Kubonakala ngathi zimbini kuphela iimeko ezinokwenzeka zale nkqubo ibuyiselwa umva, ezizezi, ukwahlulwa kunye nokunyamalala kwee-athomu ezinyibilikileyo kwimida yeenkozo, kunye nemvula kunye nokupheliswa kwezigaba ezibhityileyo ecaleni kwemida yeenkozo.
Injongo yokutshisa intsimbi emva kokucima ngexesha lokuqulunqa kunye nokucutshungulwa kwe-forgings kukuba: 1. ukunciphisa i-brittleness, ukuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Emva kokucima, iinxalenye zentsimbi zinoxinzelelo olukhulu lwangaphakathi kunye nokuqina, kwaye ukungaphumeleli ukucaphuka ngexesha elifanelekileyo kuhlala kukhokelela ekuguqulweni okanye ukuqhekeka kwamalungu entsimbi. 2. Fumana iipropati ezifunekayo zomatshini we-workpiece. Emva kokucima, i-workpiece inobunzima obuphezulu kunye ne-brittleness ephezulu. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo, ubulukhuni bunokulungelelaniswa ngokuthambisa okufanelekileyo ukunciphisa ubuqhophololo kunye nokufumana ukuqina okufunekayo kunye neplastiki. 3. Zinzisa ubungakanani bomsebenzi. 4. Kwezinye iintsimbi ze-alloy ekunzima ukuthambisa emva kokutshisa, ukushisa okuphezulu kobushushu ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa emva kokucima (okanye ukulungelelanisa) ukudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo i-carbides kwintsimbi, ukunciphisa ubunzima, kunye nokuququzelela ukusika ukusika.
Xa kusenziwa i-forging, ukuvutha komsindo yingxaki ekufuneka iqatshelwe. Inciphisa uluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu akhoyo, njengoko uluhlu lweqondo lobushushu olukhokelela ekunyukeni kwe-brittleness kufuneka luphetshwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokufudumala. Oku kubangela ubunzima ekulungiseni iimpawu zomatshini.
Uhlobo lokuqala lokucaphuka komsindo kwenzeka ikakhulu phakathi kwe-200-350 ℃, ekwaziwa ngokuba bubushushu obuphantsi bobushushu. Le brittleness ayinakuguqulwa. Nje ukuba yenzekile, ukufudumeza kubushushu obuphezulu bobushushu kunokuphelisa ubuqhophololo kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kwempembelelo kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, ukufudumeza ngaphakathi kwinqanaba lobushushu le-200-350 ℃ kuya kuphinda kubangele obu brittleness. Ke ngoko, uhlobo lokuqala lobushushu bomsindo alunakuguqulwa.
Uphawu olubalulekileyo lodidi lwesibini lokucaphuka kukuba ukupholisa kancinci ngexesha lobushushu phakathi kwama-450 kunye nama-650 ℃ kunokubangela ukuqaqadeka, ngelixa udlula kancinci kwindawo yophuhliso e-brittle ephakathi kwe-450 kunye ne-650 ℃ emva kobushushu bobushushu obuphezulu nako kunokubangela ukuqaqanjelwa. Kodwa ukuba ukupholisa okukhawulezayo kudlula kwindawo yophuhliso olunqabileyo emva kobushushu obuphezulu, ubuqhetseba abuyi kwenzeka. Uhlobo lwesibini lwe-bruttleness brittleness lubuyiselwa umva, kwaye xa i-brittleness inyamalala kwaye iphinda ifudunyezwe kwaye ipholile ngokukhawuleza kwakhona, i-brittleness iya kubuyiselwa. Le nkqubo ye-embrittlement ilawulwa yi-diffusion kwaye yenzeke kwimida yengqolowa, engahambelani ngokuthe ngqo ne-martensite kunye ne-austenite eseleyo.
Isishwankathelo, kukho iinjongo ezininzi zokufudumeza intsimbi emva kokucima ngexesha lokwenziwa kunye nokusetyenzwa kwe-forging: ukunciphisa i-brittleness, ukuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, ukufumana iipropathi ezifunekayo zoomatshini, ukuzinzisa ubungakanani bomsebenzi, kunye nokulungelelanisa iintsimbi ezithile zealloy ekunzima ukuthambisa ngexesha lokucoca. ukunqumla ubushushu obuphezulu.
Ke ngoko, kwinkqubo yokubumba, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqwalaselwe ngokubanzi ifuthe le-brittleness yobushushu, kwaye ukhethe ubushushu obufanelekileyo kunye neemeko zenkqubo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamacandelo, ukuze kuphunyezwe iipropati ezifanelekileyo zoomatshini kunye nokuzinza.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-16-2023
