Ukuze unikeze izixhobo zokusebenza zetsimbi kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo zomatshini, eziphathekayo, kunye neekhemikhali, ngaphezu kokukhethwa kwengqiqo kwezinto kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokubumba, iinkqubo zonyango lokushisa zidla ngokuyimfuneko. Insimbi iyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lomatshini, kunye ne-microstructure eyinkimbinkimbi enokulawulwa ngonyango lokushisa. Ngoko ke, unyango olushushu lwentsimbi ngowona mxholo uphambili wonyango lwentsimbi.
Ukongeza, i-aluminium, ubhedu, i-magnesium, i-titanium kunye ne-alloys zabo nazo zinokutshintsha iipropathi zabo zomatshini, zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ngonyango lobushushu ukufumana iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
Unyango lobushushu ngokuqhelekileyo aluyitshintshi imilo kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali ngokubanzi kwendawo yokusebenza, kodwa kunokuba igqithise okanye iphucule ukusebenza kwayo ngokuguqula i-microstructure ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza okanye ukutshintsha ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kumphezulu wendawo yokusebenza. Uphawu lwayo kukuphucula umgangatho wangaphakathi we-workpiece, ngokuqhelekileyo ingabonakali ngeso lenyama.
Umsebenzi wokonyango lobushushu kukuphucula iimpawu zomatshini wezinto eziphathekayo, ukuphelisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, kunye nokuphucula ukucwangciswa kweentsimbi. Ngokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga ukushisa, iinkqubo zokunyanga ukushisa zingahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini: unyango olushushu lokuqala kunye nonyango lokugqibela.
1.Injongo yonyango lokuqala lobushushu kukuphucula ukusebenza, ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, kunye nokulungiselela ulwakhiwo oluhle lwe-metallographic kunyango lokugqibela lobushushu. Inkqubo yokonyango yokushisa ibandakanya i-annealing, normalizing, ukuguga, ukucima kunye nokufudumala, njl.
l I-Anealing kunye ne-normalizing isetyenziselwa izikhewu eziye zatyhubela i-thermal processing. Intsimbi ye-Carbon kunye ne-alloy yensimbi enomxholo wekhabhoni enkulu kune-0.5% ihlala i-annealed ukunciphisa ubunzima babo kunye nokuququzelela ukusika; Intsimbi ye-Carbon kunye ne-alloy yensimbi enomxholo wekhabhoni engaphantsi kwe-0.5% iphathwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuphepha ukunamathela kwesixhobo ngexesha lokusika ngenxa yobunzima babo obuphantsi. I-Anealing kunye ne-normalization inokuphucula ubungakanani beenkozo kwaye ifezekise i-microstructure efanayo, ukulungiselela unyango lobushushu kwixesha elizayo. I-Anealing kunye ne-normalizing zisoloko zicwangciswa emva komatshini orhabaxa naphambi komatshini orhabaxa.
l Unyango lwexesha lusetyenziselwa ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluveliswa kwimveliso engenanto kunye nokulungiswa koomatshini. Ukunqanda umthwalo ogqithisileyo wothutho, kwiindawo ezichaneke ngokubanzi, unyango lwexesha lunokucwangciswa ngaphambi kokuchaneka komatshini. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezineemfuno ezichanekileyo eziphezulu (ezifana ne-casing of coordinate of boring machines), ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu iinkqubo zonyango zokuguga kufuneka zilungiselelwe. Amalungu alula ngokubanzi awafuni unyango oluguga. Ukongeza kwi-castings, kwezinye iindawo ezichanekileyo ezinokuqina okungahambi kakuhle (ezifana nezikrufu ezichanekileyo), unyango oluninzi lokuguga luhlala lucwangciswa phakathi kwe-machining rough kunye ne-semi precision machining ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluveliswa ngexesha lokucubungula kunye nokuzinzisa ukuchaneka komatshini wamalungu. Ezinye iindawo ze-shaft zifuna unyango lwexesha emva kwenkqubo yokuqondisa.
l Ukucima kunye nokufudumala kubhekiselele kunyango oluphezulu lobushushu emva kokucima, olunokufumana iyunifomu kunye nesakhiwo esihle se-martensite, silungiselela ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa ngexesha lokucima umphezulu kunye nonyango lwe-nitriding kwixesha elizayo. Ke ngoko, ukucima kunye nokuthambisa kungasetyenziswa njengonyango lokulungiselela ubushushu. Ngenxa yeempawu ezilungileyo ezibanzi zoomatshini zamacandelo acinyiweyo kunye nobushushu, ezinye iindawo ezineemfuno eziphantsi zokuqina kunye nokumelana nokunxiba nazo zinokusetyenziswa njengenkqubo yokugqibela yonyango lobushushu.
2.Injongo yonyango lokugqibela lobushushu kukuphucula iipropathi zoomatshini ezinjengokuqina, ukumelana nokunxiba, kunye namandla.
l Ukucima kubandakanya ukucinywa komphezulu kunye nokucima isambuku. Ukucinywa komphezulu kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwayo okuncinci, i-oxidation, kunye ne-decarburization, kwaye ikwanezibonelelo zamandla aphezulu angaphandle kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kakuhle, ngelixa igcina ukuqina okuhle kunye nokuchasana okunamandla ngaphakathi. Ukuphucula iimpawu zomatshini weendawo ezicinyiweyo, kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukwenza unyango olushushu olunjengokucima kunye nokufudumala okanye ukuqhelekileyo njengonyango lokuqala lobushushu. Indlela yenkqubo jikelele yile: ukusika - ukubumba - ukuqhelanisa (ukudibanisa) - ukwenziwa kwe-machichi okurhabaxa - ukucinywa kunye nokuthambisa - ukuchaneka kwe-semi precision machining - ukucinywa komphezulu - ukwenziwa komatshini ngokuchanekileyo.
l Ukucima iCarburizing ifanelekile kwintsimbi ephantsi yekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi ephantsi. Okokuqala, umxholo wekhabhoni womgangatho ophezulu wenxalenye uyanda, kwaye emva kokucima, umgangatho ophezulu ufumana ubunzima obuphezulu, ngelixa i-core igcina amandla athile, ukuqina okuphezulu kunye neplastiki. I-Carbonization inokohlulwa ibe yi-carburizing iyonke kunye ne-carburizing yendawo. Xa i-carburizing ngokuyinxenye, imilinganiselo yokuchasana nokuqhekeka (i-copper plating okanye i-plating anti-seepage materials) kufuneka ithathelwe iindawo ezingangcwatywanga. Ngenxa yoguquko olukhulu olubangelwa kukungcwatywa kunye nokucinywa, kunye nobunzulu be-carburizing ngokubanzi ukusuka kwi-0.5 ukuya kwi-2mm, inkqubo yokungcwatywa kwe-carburizing icwangciswa ngokubanzi phakathi komatshini ochanekileyo kunye noomatshini obuchanekileyo. Indlela yenkqubo jikelele yile: ukusika ukubumba kuqheleke ukwenza rhabaxa kunye ne-semi precision machining carburizing quenching precision machining. Xa inxalenye ye-carburized ye-carburized yasekhaya ithatha isicwangciso senkqubo yokwandisa isibonelelo kunye nokusika umaleko ogqithiseleyo we-carburized, inkqubo yokuqhawula i-carburized layer ye-carburized kufuneka ihlelwe emva kwe-carburization nangaphambi kokucima.
l Unyango lwe-Nitriding yindlela yonyango evumela ukuba ii-athomu ze-nitrogen zingene kumphezulu wesinyithi ukuze zifumane umaleko we-nitrogen-containing compounds. Umaleko we-nitriding unokuphucula ukuqina, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, amandla okudinwa, kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola komphezulu wamalungu. Ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi bonyango lwe-nitriding, i-deformation encinci, kunye ne-nitriding layer ye-nitriding (ngokuqhelekileyo ayidluli kwi-0.6 ~ 0.7mm), inkqubo ye-nitriding kufuneka ihlelwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukunciphisa i-deformation ngexesha le-nitriding, ubushushu obuphezulu bokunciphisa uxinzelelo luyimfuneko ngokubanzi emva kokusika.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-24-2024
