Iinkqubo zokubumba intsimbi ye-alloy zichaphazela kakhulu ubunzima bemveliso yokugqibela, into ebalulekileyo ekunqumeni ukusebenza kunye nokuqina kwecandelo. Iintsimbi zealloyi, ezenziwe ngentsimbi kunye nezinye izinto ezifana nechromium, imolybdenum, okanye i-nickel, zibonisa iimpawu zoomatshini eziphuculweyo xa kuthelekiswa neentsimbi zekhabhoni. Inkqubo yokubumba, ebandakanya ukuguqulwa kwesinyithi kusetyenziswa amandla oxinzelelo, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni ezi mpawu, ngakumbi ukuqina.
Ubuchwephesha bokwenza kunye neempembelelo zabo kubulukhuni
1. I-Hot Forging: Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukufudumeza insimbi ye-alloy kwiqondo lokushisa ngaphezu kwendawo yayo yokuhlaziya, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-1,100 ° C kunye ne-1,200 ° C. Ubushushu obuphezulu bunciphisa i-viscosity yensimbi, evumela ukuba kube lula ukuguqulwa. I-Hot forging ikhuthaza isakhiwo sengqolowa ecocekileyo, ukuphucula iimpawu ze-mechanical zentsimbi, kuquka ukuqina. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqina kokugqibela kuxhomekeke kwisantya esilandelayo sokupholisa kunye nonyango lobushushu olusetyenzisiweyo. Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kokuqina ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-martensite, ngelixa ukupholisa okucothayo kunokubangela ukucaphuka ngakumbi, izinto ezilukhuni.
2. I-Cold Forging: Ngokwahlukileyo kwi-forging eshushu, i-forging ebandayo yenziwa kwindawo okanye kufuphi nobushushu begumbi. Le nkqubo ikwandisa amandla kunye nobunzima bezinto eziphathekayo ngobunzima bokuqina okanye ukuqina komsebenzi. Ukubumba okubandayo kunenzuzo ekuveliseni imilinganiselo echanekileyo kunye nokugqiba okuphezulu komphezulu, kodwa kuthintelwa kukudutywa kwengxubevange kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi. Ukuqina okuphunyeziweyo ngokubumba okubandayo kuphenjelelwa yinqanaba loxinzelelo olusetyenzisiweyo kunye nokwakheka kwealloyi. Unyango lobushushu lwasemva kokubunjwa luhlala luyimfuneko ukufezekisa amanqanaba obunzima obufunekayo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo.
3. I-Isothermal Forging: Obu buchule buhamba phambili bubandakanya ukubumba kwiqondo lobushushu elihlala lingaguquguquki kuyo yonke le nkqubo, kufutshane nesiphelo esingaphezulu soluhlu lobushushu obusebenzayo lwealloyi. Ukwenziwa kwe-Isothermal kunciphisa iqondo lobushushu kwaye kunceda ukufezekisa i-microstructure efanayo, enokuphucula ukuqina kunye neempawu zoomatshini bentsimbi yealloyi. Le nkqubo iluncedo ngakumbi kwizicelo ezisebenza ngokuphezulu ezifuna iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zobunzima.
Unyango lobushushu kunye nendima yalo
Inkqubo yokubumba yodwa ayigxininisi ukuqina kokugqibela kwensimbi ye-alloy. Unyango lobushushu, kuqukwa ukuthomalalisa, ukucinywa, kunye nokucaphuka, kubalulekile ekuphumezeni amanqanaba athile obunzima. Njengokuba:
- Ukucoca: Olu nyango lobushushu lubandakanya ukufudumeza intsimbi ukuya kubushushu obuphezulu kwaye emva koko uyipholise kancinane. I-Anealing inciphisa ubulukhuni kodwa iphucula i-ductility kunye nokuqina.
- Ukucima: Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo emanzini okanye kwioli, kuguqula i-microstructure yensimbi kwi-martensite, eyandisa kakhulu ubunzima.
- Ukuthoba: Ukulandela ukucima, ukufudumeza kubandakanya ukufudumeza intsimbi kwiqondo lobushushu elisezantsi ukulungelelanisa ukuqina kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Le nkqubo ilinganisa ubulukhuni kunye nokuqina.
Ukuqukumbela
Ubudlelwane phakathi kweenkqubo zokubumba intsimbi ye-alloy kunye nobulukhuni buyinkimbinkimbi kwaye zininzi. Ukubunjwa okushushu, ukubumba okubandayo, kunye nokubunjwa kwe-isothermal nganye kuchaphazela ubulukhuni ngokwahlukileyo, kwaye ubulukhuni bokugqibela bukwaphenjelelwa lunyango olulandelayo lobushushu. Ukuqonda oku kusebenzisana kuvumela iinjineli ukuba zandise iinkqubo zokubumba ukufezekisa ubunzima obufunwayo kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi kwamacandelo ensimbi ye-alloy. Izicwangciso ezilungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo zokubumba kunye nokunyanga ukushisa ziqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zentsimbi ye-alloy zihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zezicelo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kumacandelo eemoto ukuya kwiindawo ze-aerospace.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-22-2024
