Zeziphi iingenelo zokubumba iintonga zepiston?

Iinduku zepiston ezenziweyo zidume ngamandla azo aphezulu kunye nokuthembeka, nto leyo ezenza zibe lolona khetho luthandwayo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Olunye uncedo oluphambili lweentonga zepiston ezibunjiweyo zilele kubume obuziinkozo bendalo obuvela kwinkqubo yokubumba. Ngokungafaniyo neentonga zepiston ezenziwe ngoomatshini, ezinokubonisa iipateni eziziinkozo ezingaqhelekanga kunye ne-voids yangaphakathi, iintonga zepiston ezibunjiweyo zinesakhiwo esiziinkozo esisulungekisiweyo esilandela i-contour yecandelo. Olu lungelelwaniso lweenkozo luphucula iimpawu zomatshini weshaft, kubandakanywa ukomelela, ukuxhathisa ukudinwa, kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo. Ngenxa yoko, iintonga zepiston ezibunjiweyo zibonisa ukuqina okukhethekileyo kwaye zinokumelana nezicelo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, zizenza zilungele izinto ezibalulekileyo koomatshini, iinkqubo zeemoto, izixhobo ze-aerospace, kunye nokunye.

Ngaphaya koko, inkqubo yokubumba ivumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo kubume kunye nemilinganiselo ye-shaft, ekhokelela ekuchanekeni komgangatho ophezulu kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu. Ngokungafaniyo nokuphosa, okuhlala kufuna ukwenziwa ngoomatshini okubanzi ukufezekisa imilo enqwenelekayo kunye nomgangatho ongaphezulu, iintonga zepiston ezibunjiweyo zinokuveliswa kwimilo ekufutshane nenetha, ukunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokwenza. Ukuguqulwa kwesinyithi esilawulwayo ngexesha lokubumba kuphelisa i-voids yangaphakathi kunye ne-porosity edla ngokufunyanwa kwiintonga zepiston, ezikhokelela kwi-deser kunye ne-microstructure eninzi. Oku kuphucuka kwemathiriyeli imfezeko iguqulela ekuphuculeni ukuxhathisa ngokuchasene nokudinwa, ukubola, kunye nokuguga, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo ye-shaft kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha.

Ukongeza kwiipropathi zabo zoomatshini kunye nokuchaneka komda, iintonga zepiston ezibunjiweyo zibonelela ngezinto eziguquguqukayo ekukhetheni izinto, ezivumela abavelisi ukuba balungelelanise ukubunjwa kweshaft ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokusebenza. Iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-alloys zinokubunjwa zibe ziintonga zepiston, kubandakanywa intsimbi ye-carbon, i-alloy steel, insimbi engenasici, i-titanium, kunye ne-nickel-based alloys, nganye inikezela ngeepropati ezizodwa ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Iintonga zepiston ezibunjiweyo zinokuthi zenziwe ngokwezifiso kunye neempawu ezongezelelweyo ezifana neendlela eziphambili, iintambo, i-splines, kunye neeflange, ziphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokuhambelana nezinto zokukhwelana. Ingaba isetyenziswe kumatshini onzima wemizi-mveliso okanye izixhobo ezichanekileyo, iintonga zepiston ezibunjiweyo zibonelela ngeenjineli kunye nabaqulunqi ngesisombululo esithembekileyo kunye neendleko ezisebenzayo zokuhambisa amandla, ukuxhasa izinto ezijikelezayo, kunye nokugcina ingqibelelo yomatshini.

Ngamafutshane, iirodi zepiston ezibunjiweyo zigqama ngokwamandla azo akhethekileyo, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuguquguquka kwezinto ezininzi, zizenza izinto eziyimfuneko kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kuwo wonke amashishini. Ngokusebenzisa izibonelelo zenkqubo yokubumba, abavelisi banokuvelisa iintonga zepiston ezibonisa iipropathi eziphezulu zoomatshini, ukuchaneka komgangatho, kunye nokuthembeka kwempahla xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuvelisa. Nokuba ziphantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu, imeko erhabaxa, okanye iimeko zokusebenza ezinzima, iintonga zepiston ezibunjiweyo zibonelela ngokusebenza okungenakuthelekiswa nanto kunye nobomi obude, ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle koomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezibalulekileyo.