Unokukhetha njani umlinganiselo wokulinganisa?

Njengoko i-forging ratio isanda, ii-pores zangaphakathi zixinzelelwe kwaye i-dendrites ye-cast-cast iyaphulwa, okukhokelela ekuphuculeni okubalulekileyo kwi-longitudinal kunye ne-transverse mechanical properties of forging. Kodwa xa umlinganiselo wecandelo le-elongation forging lingaphezulu kwe-3-4, njengoko umlinganiselo wecandelo lokubumba usanda, izakhiwo zefiber ezicacileyo zenziwe, ezibangela ukuncipha okubukhali kwisalathiso seplastiki yeempawu ezinqamlekileyo zomatshini, ezikhokelela kwi-anisotropy ye-forging. Ukuba umlinganiselo wecandelo lokubumba umncinci kakhulu, ukubunjwa akukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza. Ukuba inkulu kakhulu, yonyusa umthwalo wokubumba kwaye ikwabangela i-anisotropy. Ke ngoko, ukukhetha umlinganiso ofanelekileyo wokubumba ngumba obalulekileyo, kwaye umba wokutshintsha okungalinganiyo ngexesha lokubumba nawo kufuneka uqwalaselwe.

Umlinganiselo wokubunjwa udla ngokulinganiswa ngeqondo le-deformation ngexesha lobude. Kubhekiselele kumlinganiselo wobude ukuya kwidayamitha yezinto eziza kwenziwa, okanye umlinganiselo wendawo enqamlezileyo yezinto eziluhlaza (okanye i-billet esele yenziwe ngaphambili) ngaphambi kokufowuna kwindawo enqamlezileyo yemveliso egqityiweyo emva kokwenziwa. Ubungakanani bomlinganiselo wokubunjwa buchaphazela iimpawu zomatshini zesinyithi kunye nomgangatho wokubumba. Ukonyusa umlinganiselo wokubunjwa kunenzuzo ekuphuculeni i-microstructure kunye neepropathi zetsimbi, kodwa ukulinganisa ngokugqithisileyo kokubunjwa akuyonzuzo.

Umgaqo wokukhetha umlinganiselo wokubumba kukukhetha encinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngelixa uqinisekisa iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokubumba. Umlinganiselo wokubunjwa umiselwa ngokubanzi ngokwezi meko zilandelayo:

1. Xa umgangatho ophezulu we-carbon structural steel kunye ne-alloy structural iron ifakwe ngokukhululekileyo kwihamile: kwi-shaft type forgings, zenziwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-ingots zetsimbi, kwaye umlinganiselo wokubumba ubalwa ngokusekelwe kwicandelo eliphambili kufuneka ube ≥ 3; Umlinganiselo wokugaya ubalwa ngokusekelwe kwiiflange okanye ezinye iindawo eziphumayo kufuneka zibe ≥ 1.75; Xa usebenzisa iibhilidi zetsimbi okanye izinto eziqengqelekayo, umlinganiselo wokubumba ubalwa ngokusekelwe kwicandelo eliphambili ≥ 1.5; Umlinganiselo wokugaya ubalwa ngokusekelwe kwiiflange okanye ezinye iindawo eziphumayo kufuneka zibe ≥ 1.3. Ukufakela iindandatho, umlinganiselo wokugaya kufuneka ngokubanzi ube ≥ 3. Kwi-disc forgings, zenziwe ngokuthe ngqo kwii-ingots zetsimbi, kunye ne-upsetting forging ratio ye-≥ 3; Kwezinye iimeko, i-upsetting forging ratio kufuneka ngokubanzi ibe>3, kodwa inkqubo yokugqibela kufuneka ibe>.

2. I-alloy high steel billet fabric ayifuni kuphela ukuphelisa iziphene zayo zesakhiwo, kodwa kufuneka ibe nokusabalalisa okufanayo kwee-carbides, ngoko ke umlinganiselo omkhulu wokubumba kufuneka wamkelwe. Umlinganiselo wokubunjwa kwensimbi engenasici unokukhethwa njenge-4-6, ngelixa i-forging ratio ye-high-speed steel kufuneka ibe yi-5-12.