Unokukhetha njani umlinganiselo wokulinganisa?

Njengoko i-forging ratio yanda, ii-pores zangaphakathi zixinzelelwe kwaye i-dendrites ye-cast-cast iyaphulwa, okukhokelela ekuphuculeni okubalulekileyo kwi-longitudinal kunye ne-transverse mechanical properties of forging.Kodwa xa umlinganiselo wecandelo le-elongation forging ungaphezulu kwe-3-4, njengoko umlinganiselo wecandelo lokubumba usanda, izakhiwo zefiber ezicacileyo zenziwe, ezibangela ukuncipha okubukhali kwisalathiso seplastiki yeempawu ezinqamlekileyo zomatshini, ezikhokelela kwi-anisotropy ye-forging.Ukuba umlinganiselo wecandelo lokubumba umncinci kakhulu, ukubunjwa akukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza.Ukuba inkulu kakhulu, yonyusa umthwalo wokubumba kwaye ikwabangela i-anisotropy.Ke ngoko, ukukhetha umlinganiso ofanelekileyo wokubumba ngumba obalulekileyo, kwaye umba wokutshintsha okungalinganiyo ngexesha lokubumba nawo kufuneka uqwalaselwe.

Umlinganiselo wokubunjwa udla ngokulinganiswa ngeqondo le-deformation ngexesha lobude.Kubhekiselele kumlinganiselo wobude ukuya kwidayamitha yezinto eziza kwenziwa, okanye umlinganiselo wendawo enqamlezileyo yezinto eziluhlaza (okanye i-billet esele yenziwe ngaphambili) ngaphambi kokufowuna kwindawo enqamlezileyo yemveliso egqityiweyo emva kokwenziwa.Ubungakanani bomlinganiselo wokubunjwa buchaphazela iimpawu zomatshini zesinyithi kunye nomgangatho wokubumba.Ukonyusa umlinganiselo wokubumba kunenzuzo ekuphuculeni i-microstructure kunye neepropathi zetsimbi, kodwa ukulinganisa okugqithisileyo kokubunjwa akuyoncedo.

Umgaqo wokukhetha umlinganiselo wokubumba kukukhetha encinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngelixa uqinisekisa iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokubumba.Umlinganiselo wokubunjwa umiselwa ngokubanzi ngokwezi meko zilandelayo:

1. Xa umgangatho ophezulu we-carbon structural steel kunye ne-alloy structural steel kunye ne-alloy structural iron ifakwe ngokukhululekileyo kwihamile: kwi-shaft type forgings, zenziwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-ingots zetsimbi, kwaye umlinganiselo wokubumba ubalwa ngokusekelwe kwicandelo eliphambili kufuneka ube ≥ 3;Umlinganiselo wokugaya ubalwa ngokusekelwe kwiiflange okanye ezinye iindawo eziphumayo kufuneka zibe ≥ 1.75;Xa usebenzisa iibhilidi zetsimbi okanye izinto eziqengqelekayo, umlinganiselo wokubumba ubalwa ngokusekelwe kwicandelo eliphambili ≥ 1.5;Umlinganiselo wokugaya ubalwa ngokusekelwe kwiiflange okanye ezinye iindawo eziphumayo kufuneka zibe ≥ 1.3.Ukufakela iindandatho, umlinganiselo wokugaya kufuneka ngokubanzi ube ≥ 3. Ukulungiswa kweediski, zenziwe ngokuthe ngqo kwii-ingots zetsimbi, kunye ne-upsetting forging ratio ye-≥ 3;Kwezinye iimeko, i-upsetting forging ratio kufuneka ngokubanzi ibe>3, kodwa inkqubo yokugqibela kufuneka ibe>.

2. I-alloy yensimbi ephezulu ye-billet fabric ayifuni kuphela ukuphelisa iziphene zayo zesakhiwo, kodwa kufuneka ibe nokusabalalisa okufanayo kwee-carbides, ngoko ke umlinganiselo omkhulu wokubumba kufuneka wamkelwe.Umlinganiselo wokubunjwa kwensimbi engenasici unokukhethwa njenge-4-6, ngelixa i-forging ratio ye-high-speed steel kufuneka ibe yi-5-12.